Geology:

The Tokop project, is divided into two areas of high interest: Tokop North and Tokop South.  These two areas host more than one style of gold mineralization and type of host rocks. Tokop North appears similar to reduced, intrusive-related gold (“RIRG”) systems.  Gold bearing, orogenic, sheeted, quartz veins and shear zones are hosted in granitoids and carbonate units at Tokop North. Tokop South hosts more typical Walker Lane-style epithermal mineralization in Tertiary volcanics

The RIRG model for Tokop North is similar to large mines in the Tintina Gold Belt of central Alaska and contiguous parts of the Yukon. The best known and most economically important of these include the Fort Knox, and Pogo gold mines in Alaska and the Eagle Mine of the Dublin Gulch Properties in the Yukon.  At Tokop, similar to those mines, sheeted quartz veins occur in a multi-phase, reduced, calc-alkaline granitoid intrusive of Jurassic to Cretaceous age (the Sylvania Stock).  Precambrian carbonate units (primarily the Wyman Formation) intruded by the stock are locally altered to skarn and hornfels.  More shaley units are locally metamorphosed as well.  Coupled with widespread hydrothermal alteration, both units may host gold mineralization of significant potential.  Shear-hosted veins extend for nearly two kilometres along strike at Tokop. To date, sampling of these vein systems has returned grades of up to 71.73 gpt gold and 970 gpt silver (historical and current sampling).  Additionally, there appears to be a significant overlapping, later, epithermal mineralizing event; perhaps related to alteration and gold mineralization found at Tokop South. 

The dominant mineralizing system at Tokop South is more akin to ore deposits approximately 30 miles south and east of the project, like those of the Bullfrog District. Deposits of the Bullfrog District (surrounding Beatty, Nevada) are low-sulfidation, volcanic and sediment-hosted, epithermal gold deposits.  The Bullfrog Mine, operated by Barrick Gold which produced over 2.3 million ounces of gold and 3.0 million ounces of silver from 1989 – 1999 from open pit and underground workings, is a well-known example.  Low temperature quartz veins, silicification, and breccia zones along structural contacts may host high grade gold in this environment.  The host rocks for the system present at Tokop South are the same units as were mined at the Bullfrog Mine; the Tertiary Ammonia Tanks Tuff. Epithermal alteration and significant potential for gold mineralization may also persist into Precambrian Wyman carbonates, especially along structural contacts with the Ammonia Tanks Tuff.  Surface sampling in a near surface environment like that in evidence at Tokop South may only contain lower gold values at surface, though, as at Bullfrog Mine, those values can become bonanza grades deeper in the system.  However, limited surface rock sampling to date has revealed gold values to more than 1.2 gpT.